African American Protest at the 1968 Olympic Games

From the start, the 1968 Olympics that were held in Mexico City, Mexico got off to a rocky start even before they had begun. The decision to hold the Olympics in Mexico City was the subject of considerable debate. Mexican college students were opposed to spending money on the Olympic games, and instead believed that the money should be spent on social programs. Ten days before the Olympics, 5,000 student protesters gathered in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in Mexico City. The Mexican Army opened fire into the crowd of protestors. It is estimated that 200 to 300 people were killed.

Although the Olympics was off to a rocky start, the games began as scheduled. However, the games were not immune from further protest. This time two black American track and field runners, John Carlos and Tommie Smith, made a controversial stand against racism in the United States. Teammates at San Jose University, Smith and Carlos were both competitors in the 200-meter race. Smith won the gold with the time of 19.5 seconds and Carlos won the bronze.

At the medal ceremony, Smith and Carlos stood on the platform wearing black socks without shoes, they both wore an Olympic Project for Human Rights badge, and Smith wore a black scarf around his neck. As the American flag was raised and the National Anthem was played, Smith and Carlos bowed their heads and each raised a gloved fist in the black power salute.

Because of their actions, the Olympic Committee barred them from competing in other events. Back in the United States, instead of receiving a celebration of their achievements, they were subjected to death threats and their actions were the subject of widespread debate. However, they did receive support from civil rights leaders.

While at the time, Smith and Carlos’ method of protest was controversial, years later they were honored for their actions on numerous occasions.